FOB、CIF、DDP 傻傻分不清?
Incoterms 是由国际商会(ICC)制定的一套全球公认的贸易规则,规定了货物风险从卖方转移至买方的时间,以及双方在出口清关、进口清关、运输安排和费用分担上各自的责任。
简单说:Incoterms 就是一份”出了事谁负责”的说明书。 今天重点讲最常用的 5 个术语。
先看全局:卖方责任从轻到重
从左到右,买方越来越轻松,卖方承担越来越多。选哪个,取决于你的资源能力和客户需求。
五大术语逐一拆解
五大术语速查对比
| 术语 | 风险转移点 | 卖方付运费 | 卖方付保险 | 卖方办进口清关 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW |
|
|
|
|
| FOB |
|
|
|
|
| CFR |
|
✓ |
|
|
| CIF |
|
✓ | ✓(基础险) |
|
| DDP |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
怎么选?四个判断维度
写在最后
新手起步,FOB 和 CIF 是最安全的选择,风险边界清晰,出了问题也容易划责。
等业务熟练、对目的国清关流程有把握了,再考虑 DDP 来提升竞争力和利润空间。
Incoterms 只规定风险和费用的划分,不处理所有权转移、违约、不可抗力等问题——这些都需要在销售合同中另外约定。
你平时最常用哪种贸易术语?有没有因为术语选错吃过亏?
欢迎在留言区聊聊你的经历,踩过的坑帮大家一起避~
下一篇:欧盟进口合规必知 —— CE认证、REACH法规到底管什么? 👇

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